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1-إعلان لمقرر دراسي

Class Offering
English 134
Advanced Technical Writing for the Health Professions
Offered only in the Spring semester,,
3 credit hours
Prerequisite:
English 133 or permission of the instructor
Course description:
Review of grammar and vocabulary
focus on writing medical English
not open to first year students
Instructor: Assistant Professor Dr. Roger Brown

1. Medical students will take this class ………………….

2. The passage says that the course will …………….

2-الذهب

While gold is used in industry, its main historical use has been as a means of maintaining the value of wealth, usually in the form of jewelry and money. Gold, measured and priced in a troy ounces or grams, has been used as a store of value for at least 5,000 years. About 2,000 years ago, one troy ounce of gold might purchase a high quality, custom-made outfit. Today, the same amount of gold would probably be able to purchase a similar high-quality outfit, plus all of the matching accessories.

3. What does the passage say about the historical use of gold?

3– لوحة إرشادية

SLOW
CHILDREN PLAYING

4. This sign tells you that you must NOT ……………. in this area.

4-الآيسكريم

1) The traveler Marco Polo retuned from his famous expedition to the Far East with fruit-flavored ices. We know from Marco Polo that Asians had been making fruit-flavored ices for thousands of years, long before he reached this part of the world. These delicacies became popular in France in the 1500s, but only among royalty. Over the next few centuries, the process of making them evolved and eventually cream was introduced as an ingredient. By the 1700s, people were enjoying a dessert that was very similar to today’s ice cream. It became a treat that could be enjoyed by almost anyone, not just the rich.
2) The first wholesale manufacture of ice cream was in 1851 in Baltimore, Maryland by Jacob Fussel. He had a dairy business that had excess cream which he decided to add to his ice cream. Soon after that, his ice cream outsold all of his other dairy products.
3) The making of ice cream slowly evolved for the next few decades. Manufacturing methods and ingredients improved and refrigeration technology became cheaper and more efficient. By the 1920s, home refrigerators and freezers became more common. This gave the ice cream industry another boost. A problem developed during World War I in the U.S., when most sugar was shipped to Europe and people were therefore only allowed to buy limited amounts of it convinced the government that ice cream was an “essential food”. Ice cream factories were given sugar and production continued.
4) Sales increased in the years leading up to World War II before leveling off in the post-war years. The rise of giant supermarkets created a demand for cheaper, 1960s saw a resurgence in “premium” ice cream, while the following decades saw the market fragment into low-fat varieties for the health-conscious. Including frozen yogurt, fruit bars. ice milk, fat-free ice cream, and mass-produced ice cream, but quality suffered. Many researchers stated that 60% of frozen desserts are ice cream.

5. What is the best title for this passage?

6. The word expedition in Paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to……

7. According to Paragraph 1), fruit flavored ices were first made by….. ……

8. According to Paragraph 3), during World War I, in the U.S………….. ……..

9. According to Paragraph 4), 60% of frozen desserts are…………

5-الأعاصير المدارية

Although their effects on human populations are devastating, tropical cyclones can relieve drought conditions. They also carry heat energy away from the tropics and transport it toward temperate latitudes, which makes them an important part of the mechanism. As a result, tropical cyclones help to maintain equilibrium in the Earth’s troposphere, and to maintain a relatively stable and warm temperature worldwide.

10.The word their in the passage refers to…………

11.The word equilibrium in the passage is closest in meaning to………………

6- بيتر في أستراليا

My room was large and clean with a big bed. It also had a great view of the sea and the beach from the window. The location was great, too-right on the beach. It was 10 minutes on foot from the city center, so I didn’t need to drive or take a taxi to get there. All of the staff members were also polite and helpful. But the best part was the breakfasts which included different breads, cheeses, jams, yogurt and fruits. Fantastic! I ate something different everyday. There were two things I did not like: the swimming pool was too small for swimming, and the Internet was too slow to watch videos. However, I’ll be visiting again. Peter from Australia).

12.According to the passage, Peter……………

13.The word location in the passage is closest in meaning to……….. ……

7-الأستاذ دانيال

Daniel Smith is an old-fashioned and hard-working professor of Linguistics. He is not quite popular among his students because he foolishly expects everyone else to work the long hours that he does.

14.Who works long hours?

8-الورق في اليابان

Not long after paper was invented in China in the first century C.E., the art of folding paper emerged. Paper spread to Japan by the sixth century where the rich, who were able to buy the little paper that was available and had the leisure time to practice, developed origami Japanese for folding, “ori,” and paper, “kami”).

15.The word leisure in the passage is closest in meaning to….

9-جزيرة موريشيوس

In the Alberto Cantino map of 1502, the Arab name of Mauritius Island appeared as Dina Arobi. Historians claim that the Arabs communicated this name to the Portuguese, and basedon this fact they concluded that the former had already discovered Mauritius by that time.

16.The word the former in the passage refer to………….

10-الخَلّ

I’m sure you’ve eaten vinegar on your salad or perhaps used it as a dip for bread, but have you ever wiped it on your underarms or used it to clean a toilet seat? If not, you should give it a try! `Vinegar is most commonly used as a food condiment, but it has far more uses than just that. Because it is safe, natural, and eco-friendly, it makes a great alternative for chemical-laden cleaning and sanitizing products. In addition to being able to dissolve mineral deposits on steel, and other surfaces, vinegar is also effective at killing mold and bacteria.

17.At the beginning of the passage, the author assumes that the reader has used vinegar ………..

11-الهيئة العامة للغذاء والدواء

The Saudi Food and Drug Authority SFDA) was established under the Council of Ministers in 2004, as an independent body corporate that directly reports to The President of Council of Ministers. The Authority’s objective is to regulate, oversee, and control food, drugs, medical devices, as well as to set their mandatory standard specifications, whether they are imported or locally manufactured.

18.You can understand from the passage that the SFDA deals with goods that are…………..

12- نزلات البرد

Less is known about the cause of the common cold than about the causes of many more serious diseases.

19. Which of the following statements is the most accurate?

13- جولييت وجسر المشاة

Juliette Low, founder of the Girl Scout movement, had a way of motivating others to help her with her goals. One encounter that required her persistence happened while she was walking along a road and came by a stream. The only way to get to the other side of the stream was by a very narrow foot bridge , and Juliette was afraid to walk across it alone. She saw an old man coming down the road and told him to go across the bridge first, while she followed. Although the old man started to protest, her stubborn insistence again worked and he led her across the footbridge. Once they crossed safely, the old man explained to her that he was blind!

20.The word it in the passage refers to………

14-فهرس الأدب والفن : متوسط الأسبانية

Literature and Art: Intermediate Spanish
INDEX
Unit 1
Aspects of the Family in the Hispanic World………1
Unit 2
Man and Woman in Hispanic Society……..20
Unit 3
Customs and Traditions in Hispanic Society………35
Unit 4
Economic Aspects of Hispanic America……..60

21.Which unit would most likely discuss the importance of respect for parents in Hispanic culture?

22.Which unit would most likely give examples of key forms of trade and business in Hispanic society?

15- نصائح لتقليل الخسائر المالية في سوق العمل

1) Around the world, people start millions of new 1) businesses every year and most of them fail in the first year. Lack of proper planning is a common reason for this problem. The fact is, many people simply don’t make or follow a good plan, one that takes risks into account, when they start their business. Starting a new business always involves taking risks, but some risks can be avoided. A good business plan shows you and your possible financial backers- that you have thought carefully about potential problems you might face and that you have ways to solve them carefully about potential problems you might face and that you have ways to solve them.
2) Here are some crucial questions a business plan should answer. Start with these, as they are essential to your success. Is there a market for your product? How big is that market? Are people willing to pay a reasonable price for your product? How big an investment will you need to make to start? What will your operating expenses rent, raw materials, labor, taxes, utilities, etc.) be? How might they change? Why will customers choose you over your competitors? Do you have a marketing plan?
3) Next you must ask yourself if the answers you gave to these questions are based on valid research and facts, or as is more usual, are they just guesses and wishful thinking? Guesses are dangerous, but even the best research can be wrong. Things change quickly in the business world. Do you have a “plan B” for unexpected problems? For example, if you need to lower your prices to get more business, will you still be able to make a profit? If sales are lower than you expect, do you have enough money set aside to advertise?
4) If you can’t give a good answer to one or more of these questions, your new business can quickly be in big trouble. So anyone who is thinking about starting a new business should create a good business plan. It is the best way to avoid unnecessary problems.

23.According to Paragraph 1), what does a good business Plan do…… …

24.The word risks in Paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to……… ..

25. The word crucial in Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to…….. ….

26.According to Paragraph 3), what should the owner of a new business do?

27.The pronoun they in Paragraph 3) refers to………

28.The author‟s main purpose in the passage is to………..

16-الوجبات السريعة

1)Fast food restaurants, especially some American chains, One of have become very popular all over the world. the most famous produces a meal especially designed for children called a “Children’s Meal.” The package contains not only a hamburger and French fries, but also a plastic toy as a prize. Most children beg their parents to take them out for such a treat, preferring it to the more nutritious, if boring, home-cooked meal.
2) What is so special about this fast-food favorite? Well, for one thing, it will last forever, will not rot or mold, and even bacteria will not eat it! It is essentially no different from the plastic toy included with the meal. In April, 2010, New York artist and photographer Sally Davies bought a Children’s Meal and left it out on her kitchen shelf to see what would happen to it. She photographed it each week, and by October six months later, it appeared to be exactly the same! The only thing she noted was that the “food” had become as hard as a rock and looked like plastic. Her experiment became famous and is known as “The Children’s Meal Art Project.”
3) Sally Davies was not the first one to test the durability of a fast-food hamburger. In 2008, a teacher named Karen Hanrahan posted photos on the Internet of a hamburger she purchased at the famous fast-food chain in 1996. After 12 years, the burger looked exactly the same as the day she bought it. The bun was a bit harder, and the burger itself was beginning to crumble, but essentially, it was unchanged. She still keeps this hamburger and shows it to her classes to teach them about the dangers of eating such “non-food”. she tells them that this is a chemical food, and there is absolutely no nutrition in it, nothing of value for the health of the human body. stomach. It does nothing more than fill your stomach. It is certainly not a treat,” she says.
4) When we read the list of ingredients in all these so-called meals and burgers, we must wonder why there are tens of different chemicals, preservatives artificial flavors and so on along with the potato, meat, cheese and bread ingredients. This American-based fast food chain ships all its food from large central factories to branches throughout the entire world. One of their hamburgers here tastes exactly the same as it does in China and probably lasts just as long as well.

29. What is the main idea of the passage?

30. According to Paragraph 2), how long did Sally Davies photograph the same “Children’s Meal”?

31.The word essentially in Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to…….

32.Which paragraph discusses using a hamburger to teach about bad eating habits?

33.Which of the following is TRUE?

34. According to the passage, why do hamburgers stay the same after a long period? .

17-الزلازل في جبل ࢤيزوف

1) Volcanologists constantly monitor any changes in levels of seismic activity on Vesuvius because they know that the increase of activity in the deep reservoir of magma causes both earth tremors and volcanic eruptions. Through measuring seismic activity, these scientists expect to predict an approaching eruption months before it happens.
2) The seismic activity of Mount Vesuvius happens again and again, and the longer the intervals between eruptions, the greater the next explosion will be. The frequent but low-level activity of Vesuvius in recent centuries has relieved the build-up of pressure. The catastrophic magnitude of the eruption of AD 79 was connected with the extended period of inactivity before it.

35. According to Paragraph 1, which of the following is TRUE?

36.According to Paragraph 2), why was the eruption in 79AD so severe?

18-السُفن

1) There are few ships as beautiful and graceful as an Arab dhow under full sail. They are sleek, fast, and easy to control with these vessels, Arab sailors maintained extensive trade links in dangerous seas all the way from Africa to China. The great contribution they made to Europe’s development was simple-their triangular lateen” sail.
2) In the 15th century, most European ships used only square sails. Because of this they were only able to sail1 effectively when the wind was almost directly behind them. Prince Henry of Portugal borrowed ideas from the Arab dhow and designed ships that used Arab lateen sails on European hulls. With this improvement, European explorers could go farther faster and sail into the wind. Consequently, they became much more effective. Columbus’s three ships all used this borrowed technology on their first voyage to America.

37.The pronoun they in Paragraph 1), refers to…………

38.The phrase this improvement in Paragraph 2), refers to… ..

39. The author‟s purpose in Paragraph 2) is to………… …..

19-الأطعمة التقليدية

Most old people are very pleased that our traditional foods, which disappeared from our society for some time, are now returning.

40. Traditional foods are now………… …….

1-قائمة طعام

Meat : 35 SR

Fish 25 SR

Chicken : 15 SR

Sandwich : 9.50 SR

1. If Khalid has 10 riyals he could buy …. ……

2- الهواء

1- Air is the ocean we breathe. It supplies us with oxygen which is essential for our bodies. Air is made up of a mixture of nitrogen, Oxygen, water vapor and inert gases. Human activities release substances into the air and some of these can cause problems for humans, Plants and animals. These Problems are usually referred to as air pollution.
2- There are several problems that result from air pollution. The main ones we usually hear about are smog, acid rain, the greenhouse effect and “holes” in the ozone layer. Each of these problems has serious implications for our health and well-being as well as for the environment as a whole.
3- The release of particles into the air from burning fuel for energy is often discussed as a huge problem. Diesel smoke is a good example of the particulate matter that results in this pollution. The particles are very small pieces of matter measuring about 2.5 microns or 0.0001 centimeter. This type of pollution is sometimes referred to as “Black Carbon” pollution. The exhaust from burning fuels in automobiles, homes, and industries is a major source of pollution in the air Authorities also believe that the burning of the wood and charcoal in fireplaces and barbeques release significant quantities of soot into the air.
4- Another type of pollution is the release of noxious gases, such as sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, as well as chemical vapors. These take part in chemical reactions once they are in the atmosphere, resulting in smog and acid rain.
5- We must also consider air pollution inside our homes, offices, and schools. Some pollutants are created by indoor activities such as smoking and cooking. Most people spend about 80- 90% of their time inside buildings. That means our exposure to harmful indoor pollutants can be serious. It is therefore important to consider both indoor and outdoor air pollutions.

2. According to Paragraph 1), which of the following are constituents of air?

3. The word essential in Paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to ______.

4. What is a good example of particles released into the air that are a source of pollution?

5. What is pollution resulting from diesel smoke called?

6. Indoor air pollution can be more serious than outdoor pollution because people____.

3- كيف تنام الحيوانات؟

1) All animals must rest, but do they really sleep as we know it? The answer to this question seems obvious. If an animal regularly stops its activity and stays quiet and unmoving – if it looks as though it is sleeping – then why not simply assume that it is in fact sleeping? But how can observers be sure that an animal is sleeping?
2) They can watch the animal and notice whether its eyes are open or closed, whether it is active or lying quietly, and whether it responds to light or sound. These factors are important clues, but they often are not enough. Horses and cows, for example, rarely close their eyes whereas fish and snakes cannot close them. Yet this does not necessarily mean that they do not sleep. Have you ever seen a cat dozing with one eye partly open? Even humans have occasionally been observed sleeping with one eye or both eyes partially open. Animals don’t necessarily lie down to sleep either Elephant for example often sleep standing up with their tusks resting in the fork of a tree. Finally, while sleeping animals often seem unaware of changes in the sound and light and other stimuli around them, that does not really prove they are sleeping either.
3) Observation alone cannot fully answer the question of whether or not animals sleep. The answers come from scientists doing experiments in sleep laboratories using a machine called the electroencephalograph (EEG). The machine is connected to the animals measures their brain signals, breathing, heartbeat and muscle activity. The measurements are different when the animals appear to be sleeping than when they appear to be awake. Using the EEG, scientists have confirmed that all birds and mammals studied in laboratories do steep.
4) There is some evidence that reptiles, such as snakes and turtles, do not truly sleep, although they do have periods of rest each day, in which they are quiet and unmoving. They also have discovered that some animals like chimpanzees, cats and moles who live underground) are good sleepers while others like sheep, goats and donkeys are poor sleepers. Interestingly, the good sleepers are nearly all hunters with resting places that are safe from their enemies. Nearly all the poor sleepers are animals hunted by other animals; they must always be afraid.

7. Which of the following statements gives the main idea of the passage?

8. All animals_________. ……

9. The word clues in Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to _______. ……

10.According to Paragraph 2), cows and horses, while sleeping, are two examples of animals that ________

11.The word dozing in Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to_________. ..

12.According to Paragraph 2), the elephant is an example of an animal that _______.

13.The word stimuli in Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to ______

14.Which of the following sentences is NOT TRUE according to Paragraph 2)?

15. The word their in Paragraph 3) refers to

16.According to Paragraph 3), what is the best way to tell if an animal is asleep?

17.According to Paragraph 4), snakes ________………

18.According to Paragraph 4), which of the following animals DON’T sleep much?

19.According to Paragraph 4, some animals are better sleepers than others because they…. ………

4-جائزة الملك فيصل العالمية

The King Faisal Prize is an annual award sponsored by King Faisal Foundation allocates to “dedicated men and women whose contributions make a positive difference”. It is held once a year in January of each year and the handover ceremony is within two months of the announcement of the winner.
The foundation awards prizes in five categories: Service to Islam; Islamic studies; the Arabic language and Arabic literature; science; and medicine. The prize in each of the five categories consists of: cash, medal, or even certificates. The number of people who received the Faisal Prize 253 represents 44 countries. A son of King Faisal Serves as chairman of the King Faisal Prize.

20.According to paragraph 1), the King Faisal Prize is awarded ……….

21.The recipients of the King Faisal Prize receive………….

22.According to paragraph 2), a son of King Faisal ………..

23.The word “allocates” in paragraph 1), is closest in meaning to ……

5- عضو في الجسم

” It‟s a J-shaped organ that stores and digests food “

24.Which body part is being described?

6-الزراعة في الماضي والحاضر

A comparison was made between cultivation in the past in 1900 and the present time. Where it was found that in the year 1900, 40% of the workers were working in the field of agriculture, and farmers were producing per day enough food for an average of 5 people, for themselves and their families, and working manually. But at the moment there is much more equipment, machinery and production.

25.The word “themselves” in paragraph 1) refers to ………..

26.Which of the following does NOT characterize farming in 1990?

7-فصائل الدم

(1) A blood type also called (a blood group) is a classification of blood, based on the presence and absence of antibodies and inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells RBCs). You can receive blood from a donor with the same blood type as you. You can also receive blood from a donor with a compatible blood type. There are different systems to classify blood types. In ABO system, we have four main types:
-Type A blood has the Group A antigens and makes antibodies to fight Group B blood. –
Type B blood has the Group B antigens and makes antibodies to fight Group A blood.
Type AB blood has both Groups A and B antigens, but doesn’t make antibodies for either one.
• Type O blood doesn’t have either type of antigen.
(2) So, who can receive and who can donate in ABO system?
Type A only receives from A and O.
Blood type B receives only B and O.
AB blood type receives all types, and only can donate to people with type AB blood.
Type O blood receives only from O.
Blood type O negative is given to all blood types

27.Which of the following is NOT TRUE about the ABO system?

28.The word “compatible” in paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to

29.Which blood type can accept from any other blood type?

8-جسر الملك فهد

(1) King Fahd Causeway is a sea bridge that connects the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia with the Kingdom of Bahrain. The idea of building a bridge linking the Kingdom of Bahrain to the Eastern region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was born out of King Saud’s wish to develop and further solidify the links between the two Kingdoms, during an official visit to the State of Bahrain in 1954.
(2) In 1965, the desire to construct the causeway began to take form officially when Sheikh Khalifah bin Salman Al Khalifah the Prime Minister of the State of Bahrain paid a courtesy visit to King Faisal and the king expressed his wish to have the causeway constructed.
(3) In 1968, both countries formed a joint committee. They formed it to assess the financial undertaking required for the task. As a result, the World Bank was requested by the committee to contribute their assistance in methods of implementation of the mammoth- sized project. This required taking into account the environmental and geographical aspects of the Saudi-Bahrain region.
(4) In the summer of 1973, King Faisal, in a meeting which included Amir ShaikhIsa bin Salman Al Khalifa as well as the then prince, Fahd bin Abdul Aziz and Shaikh Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa, suggested that committee overlook the economic and financial aspects ofthe project and concentrate on the actual construction of the causeway.
(5) In 1975, the World Bank submitted its study and advice after seeking assistance from specialist international expertise in studying the geographic, environmental factors and maritime currents.In the spring of 1976, during a visit by King Khalid bin Abdul Aziz to Shaikh Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa, the two monarchs agreed to set up a ministerial committee from the two countries to work on the implementation of the project.

30.The best title for this passage is …… ……

31.According to paragraphs 1) and 2), the plan to build a bridge was first visualized by…….

32.The word “it” in paragraph 3) refers to ………

33.It can be understood from paragraph 3) that the World Bank provided ……..

34.According to the passage which of the following is NOT found at the border station?

35.An additional paragraph at the end of the passage would most likely be about …..

9-تمثال الحرية

Statue of Liberty, the official name of this statue is “Liberty Enlightening the World.” It represents democracy or Liberal Thought. It is a sculptural artwork that France gifted to the United States of America on October 28,1886 as a memorial gift, with the aim of strengthening friendship between the two countries on the occasion of the centenary of the American Revolution 1775-1783). Surrounding the statue as a whole is a star shaped wall a star with 10 heads). The Statue of Liberty is very popular with many visitors around the world, especially New York City, and visitors can take a great experience by going up to the huge crown above the statue’s head.

36.The purpose of the passage is to give a ……….

37.What does the passage say about the statue of liberty?

1-إعلان بيع

1.This is an advertisement for a …..

2-وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي

The following are the results of a survey conducted on the forms of social media. What type of social media do you use ?

How many hours a day o you spend on social media?

2. Which form of social media is least popular among women?

3. Which form of the social media is the most popular?

4. How much time do most men spend on social media?

5. How much time do most people spend on social media?

3-لوحة إرشادية

Non swimmers are not allowed beyond this point

6. What does this sign mean?

4-خالد وورشة العمل

(1) Khalid attended a weekend workshop on mind fullness training and it had been great. He felt he had really benefited from what he had learned. Mindfulness is basically a way to discipline and control one’s actions in such a way that they are always in line with one’s goals. The first thing he had learned was that for attentive mindfulness, a person’s goals in life must be clearly thought out and selected. Once that is done, the next step is to keep all details on how we spend our energy in a state of conscious awareness. The result is that we are always on target. The most insignificant detail then becomes an effortless expenditure of energy that keeps us in line with our goals.
(2) As the weekend came to an end, Khalid thanked those and conducted the workshop. He also thanked the other participants who had shared the weekend with him. He affirmed that he valuable lessons in maintaining who had made presentations had indeed learned. They would like his two daughters. He and his wife had been searching for some special lamps for their bedrooms, but hadn’t been able to find what the girls wanted. In the big city he found exactly what each of them had said they wanted, and on top of that, he knew his wife would be more than pleased with the beautiful necklace and earrings he had purchased.
(3) On and on he drove. Suddenly, a shocking realization came to him an hour after he had been on the road. His bag! He had left it behind at the hotel. On his way to the car with the bag. He had decided to stop in the gift shop and pick up something to eat in case he got hungry while driving. From the gift shop he went directly to his car without the bag. There was nothing to do but turnaround and go back to the hotel to get it. His four-hour drive would now be considerably longer than four

7. When was the workshop?

8. The word effortless in paragraph 1, is closest in meaning to…..

9. According to paragraph 2, to whom did Khalid expected his appreciation for the workshop?

10.According to paragraph 1, Khalid will use what he learned at the workshop to control…..

11.The word pleased in paragraph 2, is closest in meaning to…….

12.According to paragraphs 3 , how long will it take Khalid to drive home?

5-الأسماك

(1) Fish are cold-blooded vertebrates that live in water. They differ greatly in size, shape, color and habits. Some fish may look like worms, while others may resemble rocks. All the colors of the rainbow can be found in fish. Some fish are very brightly colored while others can be very dull.
(2) Fish can live in almost any conditions of water. They can live in the freezing waters of Antarctica, hot jungle streams, lakes and fast flowing mountain rivers. Nearly all fish get their oxygen from water. Although we cannot see it, water does contain oxygen. To get this oxygen, the fish forces water through its gills. The gills absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide into the water which then passes out through the gills.
(3) Scientists have found over 21,000 different kinds of fish. They continue to find more species each year. Scientists who study fish are called ichthyologists. Fish are truly amazing animals to study and observe.

13.What is the main idea of the passage?

14.The word resemble in Paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to……………

15.The word it in Paragraph 2) refers to ……

16.According to Paragraph 3), it is expected that in the new Norma the scientists will find more….

6-الملح

(1) According to a 700-year-old legend, a princess called the Blessed Kinga threw her ring into a salt mine at Marmaros in Hungary. While travelling from Marmaros to Cracow, she stopped at the neighbour and her servants were told to dig a well. Instead of water, the salt was discovered-and in the first lump of salt which was taken out, Kinga’s ring was found!
(2) The legend is just a story – but it is true that for over seven centuries salt has been mined from the rock below the town of Wieliczka. The salt used to be dug out by hand, and until 1620 it was carried up to the surface by the miners. After the chamber was destroyed by fire in 1697, the miners were not allowed to take the wooden statue of the mine, so they began to carve sculptures of rock salt.
(3) Nowadays visitors are shown how salt was mined long ago, and can see the enormous chambers which have been dug out of the solid rock. They can also see pretty green lakes, and chapels with beautiful carvings.

17.The word legend in paragraph 2, is closest in meaning to……

18.According to paragraph 1, the legend states that princess Kinga asked her servants to………

19.According to paragraph 1, Kinga’s ring was found in…… …

20.According to paragraph 2, the story about princess Kinga is…..

21.According to paragraph 2, what happened in 1697?

22.According to paragraph 2, miners made their statues from the rock Salt because it is…..

7-توماس إديسون

(1) Thomas Alva Edison lit up the world with his invention of the electric light. Without him, the world might still be a dark place. However, the electric light was not his only invention. He also invented the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and over 1,200 other things. About every two weeks he created something new.
(2) Thomas A. Edison was born in Mila, Ohio,on February 11, 1847. His family moved to Port Huron, Michigan, when he was seven years old. Surprisingly, he attended school for only two months. His mother, a former teacher, taught him a few things, but Thomas was mostly self-educated. His natural curiosity led him to start experimenting at a young age with electrical and mechanical things at home.
(3) When he was 12 years old, he got his first job. He became a newsboy on a train that ran between Port Huron and Detroit. He set up a laboratory in a baggage car of the train so that he could continue his experiments inexperience did not end well. Thomas was fired when he accidentally set fire to the floor of the baggage car.
(4) Thomas then worked for five years as a telegraph operator, but he continued to spend much of his time on the job conducting experiments. He got his first patent in1868 for a vote recorder run by electricity. However, the vote recorder was not a success. In 1870, he sold another invention, a stock-ticker, for $40,000.stock-ticker is a machine that automatically prints stock prices on a tape. He was then able to build his first shop in Newark, New Jersey.
(5) Thomas Edison was totally deaf in one ear and hard of hearing in the other. He thought of his deafness as a blessing in many ways. It kept conversations short, so that he could have more time for work. He called himself a “two-shift man” because he worked 16 out of every 24hours. Sometimes he worked so intensely that his wife had to remind him to sleep and eat. Thomas Edison died at the age of 84 on October 18, 1931, at his estate in West Orange, New Jersey. He left numerous inventions that improved the quality of life all over the world.

23.The best title for the passage is…..

24.According to paragraph I, Edison’s most important invention was the…… …..

25.According to paragraph 3, Edison lost his first work because he…….

26.According to paragraph 4, Edison was able to build his first shop because he……

27.According to paragraph 5, Edison considered his deafness to be……

28.The pronoun it in paragraph 5, refers to his………….

8-الدلافين

(1) Welcome to Dolphin Ocean Park. We’re really happy that you are here to learn about the amazing animals we call dolphins. Dolphins are highly intelligent marine mammals and are part of the toothed whale family.
(2) They are found worldwide, some in freshwater rivers, but most species live in shallow areas of oceans worldwide. They are carnivores, eating mostly fish and squid. They use echolocation, bouncing sound off underwater objects, to hunt together. Dolphin coloration varies, but they are generally gray in color with darker backs than the rest of their bodies.

29.The people reading this notice are most likely……

30.It can be understood from the passage that dolphins…….

9-العُملات

(1) There are so many currencies in the world with differing names. The origins and development of these names and uses have an interesting history.
(2) The dollar is one of the most common currencies in the world used by the US, Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand, and Singapore to name a few. The origin of the dollar, also the Slovenian tolar, is from a German coin called the Joachimsthaler, shortened to Thaler or dalerin Low German). It was named after the valley in which the silver it was made from was mined, the oachimsthal, literally Joachim”s valley. The term began to be used in other languages, especially Dutch, and was later applied to the most widely used coin in the American colonies.In 1792, it was adopted as the official name of the US monetary unit.
(3) Many countries use the dinar, which comes from the Latin denarius, an ancient Roman silver coin: The Jordanian dinar. Algerian dinar, Serbian dinar, and Kuwaiti dinar among others.
(4) The Indian and Pakistani rupee as well as the Indonesian rupiah derive from the Sanskrit rupya, meaning ‘wrought silver, which is what they were originally made of.
(5) The Malaysian mggit is from the Malay for jagged and refers to the serrated edges of the Spanish silver dollars used as currency in Malaysia before the ringgit was introduced. Serrated edges on coins became popular when coins were made of precious metals like gold and silver because the ridges made it harder for people to scrape off metal and devalue the coins.
(6) Although the Germans and the Finns use the Euro now,their former currencies the German mark and the Finnish markka, both have their origin in units of weight. While Spanish peso meaning ‘weight” in Spanish, is also no longer used in Spain, it lives on as the currency of Mexico, Argentina and the Philippines. The British pound or pound sterling comes from the Latin pondus weight.
(7) Many Scandinavian countries use currency whose name is ultimately derived from the Latin corona meaning crown’: Swedish krona, Norwegian krone, Danish krone, and the Czech koruna.krone, Danish.
(8) The Spanish real, a former currency of Spain derived from the Latin regalis meaning royal, which is the origin of a number of Middle Eastern currencies such as the Omani and Iranian riyal, and the Qatari, Yemeni, and Saudi riyal. The riyal has been the currency of Saudi Arabia since the country came into being and was the currency of Hejaz before Saudi Arabia was created.

31.According to the passage, which of the following is true about currencies?

32.We can understand from the paragraph 2, that the Dollar has its name from the……

33.According to paragraphs 3 and 4, what did the Dinar and Rupee have in common?

34.The word it in paragraph 6, refers to………..

35.The expression derived from in paragraph 7, is closest in meaning to…. …..

36.According to paragraph 8, the origin of the word Riyal is…… ……….

9-رسالة إلى توم

Message to Tom
“Steve: Can I come and see you next weekend?
Tom: on Friday I am busy, but Saturday will be OK.”

37.What did Steve ask in his message to Tom?