Model 13

1-الحرب العالمية الثانية

(1) Modern wars bring death and destruction wherever they occur. Sophisticated weapons have been developed that can wipe out a whole city. The most destructive war in history is World War II, fought from 1939 to 1945. World War II involved gigantic struggles not only in Europe but in Asia, Africa, and the Pacific as well. More than 25 million military personnel and 30 million civilians were killed in the war. Its conduct strained the economic capabilities of the major nations and left many countries on the edge of collapse. World War II cost more than any three previous wars combined.
(2) Disasters continued even after the war ended. Damage to communication networks disrupted the transport of raw materials and finished products. The irregularity of supplies to industry and the destruction inflicted on the production apparatus resulted in a considerable number of temporary layoffs. Even in the victorious countries. food rationing continued well after the end of the war. Crime and law-breaking increased. The simultaneous reconstruction of accommodation, industry and the transport infrastructure stifled national economies. Under these conditions, people were first and foremost preoccupied with the restrictions affecting everyday life and often had difficulty in thinking about their long-term future. The shortage of coal in the very hard winter of 1946-1947 led to widespread strikes and mass demonstrations.

1. The word occur in Paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to _______ .

2. Why can some weapons destroy a whole city?

3. According to Paragraph (1), World War II started in __________.

4. Compared to other wars, which of the following statements is true concerning World War II?

5. How many deaths in the military were there in World War II?

6. According to Paragraph (1), the cost of World War II was ________.

7. When World War II ended, _________.

8. According to Paragraph (2), which of the following increased after World War II?

9. After the war, people did NOT think about their long-term future because_______

10. Strikes occurred during the winter of 1946-1947 because __________.

2-روتين صباحي

Every morning, I get up and make my son’s lunch to take to school. Then I do some housework to keep our home clean and tidy. Next, I wake up my son, Muhammad, and make his breakfast. I’m always in a hurry in the morning.

11. This person is _______.

12. An example of housework is to ________.

3 –النظام الغذائي

(1) The growing similarities in diet and eating habits around the world are influencing people of various cultures in different ways. For example, Western foods are damaging health in the industrialized island country of Japan. Instead of small meals of seafood, rice, and vegetables, the typical Japanese diet now includes large amounts of meat, dairy products like whole milk, ice cream, etc.) and desserts like tiramisu, a rich Italian dessert full of chocolate, cheese, and sugar. According to Japanese health researchers, such changes in eating habits are related to a great increase in health problems such as heart disease, strokes, cancer, and diabetes.
(2) On the other hand, the changing global diet is having the opposite effect on the people in the Czech Republic. The government of this European nation no longer supports meat and dairy products financially. so the cost of these foods is going up. In contrast, fresh fruits and vegetables are becoming more widely available from private markets and stands. Cooks are even serving salads to schoolchildren, and families are eating more nutritious, home-cooked meals. For these reasons. fewer Czech men are having heart attacks. the women are losing a lot of weight, and most people are living healthier lives.

13. A good title for the passage would be ________ .

14. According to Paragraph (1), Western foods are _____.

15. Because people in the Czech Republic eat more nutritious, home-cooked meals,

16. The words “these foods” in Paragraph (2) refer to __________.

17. The word nutritious in Paragraph (2) is closest in meaning to having________.

4 –بعض من أنواع الشخصيات

(1) Every person on this planet has a different and unique personality. However, each individual personality can be placed into one of two groups: Type A or Type B. Let’s take a look at what the differences between these two personality types are.
(2) First let’s start by understanding what each type means. The Type B personality is the norm. It’s the average person. They are usually calm and collected most of the time and it takes a lot to irritate them. Needless to say, they are very seldom overstressed. When they do feel stress, they tend to handle the pressure by being productive rather than destructive. Ordinarily, type B people don’t mind driving behind a slow car. They don’t care too much if the line is long at the bank or grocery store. Their pace in life is relaxed and they are not in a big hurry to get things done. It is safe to categorize Type B personalities as being people who are patient with others as well as themselves in almost all situations – including work. Thus, a Type B personality may be perceived to be somewhat relaxed and nonchalant regarding dedication to his occupation.
(3) The person who has a Type A personality, on the other hand, is like that person driving behind you beeping and cursing because he thinks you should be driving faster. Type A personalities are not the calmest of people and are rarely fully collected. Type A people get irritated much more easily than type B people do. They become impatient when standing in a queue and tend to always feel like they are in a hurry. These are the people you see tapping their foot when you are in front of them in line. Type A people often live fast paced lives. They hate to waste time and become angry when things slow them down.
(4) The hard-charging Type A personality, unlike the Type B personality, is undoubtedly dedicated to his occupation. He is so dedicated, in fact, that more often than not he is a workaholic. “I’ll sleep when I’m dead” is most likely his reply to the one who expresses concern about the long hours he spends at work. He is the kind of person who feels that time spent sleeping is time lost.
(5) Perhaps he should give heed to a recent British study. The 17-year study of 10.000 workers showed that those who reduced their sleep from seven hours per night to five or less doubled their risk of cardiovascular-related death. The researchers who conducted the study concluded that a lack of sleep is linked to high blood pressure which in turn is a known risk factor for both heart disease and stroke.
(6) Probably most of us fall somewhere in the middle and are a mixture of both the Type A personality and the Type B personality. It may even be that at different points in our lives we exhibit stronger characteristics of one or the other personality type. We should all take heed, therefore, of the result of this study and aim for a balanced and healthy expenditure of energy divided between our work and our play. As we achieve such a balance, we will naturally be inclined to pay attention to the needs of our bodies for wasting time in both sleep and relaxation. Attaining such a balance can make us aware, perhaps for the first time, of the joy of being fully human.
18. The word individual in Paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to ________.

19. According to Paragraph (3), Type A personalities are different from Type B personalities in that they always seem to be ____________.

20. According to Paragraph (5), what did a study conducted by British researchers discover about reduced sleep?

21. According to Paragraph (6), where do most people fall between Type A and B personalities?

22. According to the conclusion, what should our goal be?

5–غوص السكوبا

One of the most interesting water activities available is scuba diving. Diving requires some preparation: equipment must be purchased or rented, essential lessons must be taken and certification must be obtained before diving.

23. The word essential in the passage is closest in meaning to _________.

6–برنامج تشغيل الجهاز

(1) A device driver is software that helps a peripheral device establish communication with a computer. This type of software is used by printers, monitors, graphics cards, sound cards, and modems. Once installed, a device driver usually runs in the background without opening a window on the screen. Suppose you connect a new printer to your computer. You might also have to install a printer driver or select a preinstalled driver. After the device driver is installed, it runs in the background to send data to the printer whenever you begin a print job.
(2) On a Mac, you can click the Apple icon, select About this Mac, and then select More Info to look at a list of devices connected to your computer. By selecting a device, you can view information about it, including the driver version number. It’s always important to remain up-to date, so check the manufacturer’s website to make sure that your version is current. On a PC, if you need to update a device driver or change its settings. you can usually access the driver by using the Start menu’s Control Panel option and opening the System icon. Then use the Device Manager option to view a list of your computer system hardware and corresponding device drivers.

24. The main purpose of a device driver is to _______.

25. The word current in Paragraph (2) is closest in meaning to ________.

26. The main idea of the passage is to explain how _________.

27. A device driver is best described as a _______.

8–المنتجعات السياحية

Busy people don’t want their vacations to be a hassle. That’s why all-inclusive resorts are becoming popular. At these resorts, one price includes all meals, drinks, lodging, and sightseeing. Golf, tennis, and swimming are available for free. Other sports, such as scuba diving, deep-sea fishing, and rock climbing, may require separate fees for equipment rental, but instruction and excursions are included. Many resorts also include children’s activities as part of the package.

28. What does all-inclusive resort mean?

29. Which of the following might cost extra?

9–الاجتماعات واللقاءات

Meetings can waste a great deal of time, but you can make your meeting run more smoothly by following a few simple rules. First, have an agenda. This will help keep you focused on what is important. Next, decide who needs to be involved. More people mean less efficient discussion. Finally, keep the discussion moving. Thank each speaker as he or she finishes and move on to the next speaker. This encourages people to make their remarks brief. And don’t forget: what happens after a meeting is more important than what happens during a meeting. The skills used then are more professional and less procedural. So, no matter how well you run a meeting, it is the work that gets done after the meeting that is important.

30. The main idea of the passage is that meetings _______.

31. The word remarks in the passage is closest in meaning to _______.

32. The writer says that ___________.

10–الإذاعة السعودية

(1) The history of radio in Saudi Arabia goes back to 1949 when the airwaves were filled with the recitation of the Holy Qur’an that won the hearts of millions across the Kingdom. In the early decades, expensive, large wooden box radios were confined to the elite. Later, more advanced transistor radios reached the rest of the people. Today, in Saudi Arabia radio has been completely transformed by the various private players that have entered the sector since the government opened up licenses to them, creating more variety to add to the public stations. With the introduction of social media, many broadcasters thought that the time for radio was over. However the reality is quite different. Many listeners tune in to online radio stations nowadays, and a large number of listeners tune in while driving.
(2) Though there is a wide range of choice available to Arabic listeners, English listeners have little choice in the Kingdom. Only a few stations offer broadcast services in English such as Radio Riyadh. Meanwhile. Jeddah Radio’s Urdu service broadcasts in the afternoon and has a large following. These programs are particularly popular during Hajj season, as they contain a variety of topics supported by the Ministry of Islamic Affairs.

33. Which of the following is TRUE?

34. The word them in Paragraph (1) refers to _______ .

35. You can understand from Paragraph (1) that _______.

36. At what time of day are you most likely to hear the Urdu language service?

11–اسطنبول

(1) Istanbul is one of the great cities of the world. It began as a city inside the Greek colony of Byzantium, then known as Constantinople, capital of the fabulously wealthy Byzantine Empire. For a further 400 years. Istanbul was the capital of the Ottoman Empire. In the time of Suleyman the Magnificent, it outshone all its predecessors.
(2) New excavations at Troy have revealed so much more of the city and its vast defenses. We shall visit the site. along with the other major classical cities of the Aegean, so many of which, like Miletus, trace their own foundation to heroes returning from the Trojan Wars.
(3) We shall use our own classic boats with Byzantine design, but fitted with the most modern conveniences private bathrooms; chefs to prepare excellent Turkish cuisine; stewards to wait on your every need. It’s a perfect way to relax, learn and absorb the ambience of this epic past.
ITINERARY
(4) 24 MAY: Morning check-in at Heathrow for flight to Istanbul. Transfer for a three- night stay to the Sultanahmet Palace Hotel in the heart of the old city.
(5) 25 MAY: Walking visit to the “Old City of Constantinople – the Byzantine Hippodrome and the Aya Sofia, built during the reign of Emperor Justinian, who governed during the 6th Century AD. Also visit the Blue Mosque and Topkapi Palace where the treasures of the Ottoman Empire are on display, and the Archaeological Museum with important Greek artifacts and an overview of Byzantine Constantinople.

37. The intended audience for this passage is most likely ___________.

38. In the past, Istanbul used to be called __________.

39. The word reign in Paragraph (5) is closest in meaning to ________.

40. The participants are most likely to take part in _________ .