Model 11

1-علماء الفلك وكوكب المريخ

Just five years ago, astronomers viewed Mars as an essentially dead world. Recent discoveries made by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft and gleaned from Martian meteorites have changed that opinion.

1. When did scientists discover Mars Global?

2-الملاكم محمد علي

(1) Muhammad Ali is a famous heavyweight boxer. He was born as Cassius Clay in Louisville, Kentucky, in the USA in 1942.
(2) He had a very successful professional boxing career. In fact, he won the world heavyweight championship three times. The first time was when he beat the former champion, Sonny Liston, in 1964. In the same year, he became a Muslim and assumed the name Muhammad Ali.
(3) Ten years later, in 1974, he became world champion again when he beat George Foreman in Zaire. He became champion for the third time in 1978 after beating Leon Spinks. Ali fought his last professional fight in 1981 against Trevor Berbick and then retired from boxing.
2. How old was Muhammad Ali when he became Muslim?

3. How old was Ali when he won the championship for the third time?

3-الطبيب الألماني ماير

Dmitri Mendeleyev has been hailed as the “genius who discovered the periodic table”. However, Mendeleyev wasn’t even the third person to come up with the idea of the periodic table. That honor belongs to the German chemist and physician Lothar Meyer 1830-1895). Meyer wrote a popular book, The Modern theory of chemistry published in. While he was preparing the book, he noticed the relationship between the properties of a chemical element and its atomic weight.

4. What does the passage say about Meyer?

4-الجبل والتَل

A mountain is a landform that extends above the surrounding area. A mountain is generally higher and steeper than a hill.

5. What does the passage say about hills?

5-لعبة الكريكت

The ashes is a test cricket series played between England and Australia. It is one of the most celebrated rivalries in international cricket and dates back to 1882.

6. The word celebrated in the passage is closest in meaning to ——-

6-جائزة الملك فيصل العالمية

The King Faisal International Prize is awarded annually to a person or group of persons who have done distinguished work in different fields. Nominations for recipients of the Prize are accepted from scientific and academic institutions worldwide, irrespective of race, nationality or creed

7- Where do the King Faisal Prize nominations come from?

7-السواك

1) Before disposable, plastic toothbrushes were invented, some people might not have cleaned their teeth at all, while other might have just done their best by washing their mouths with water and rubbing their teeth with some cloth or a finger. But for Muslims way back in the 6th century, dental hygiene was a very important matter.
2) While the practice of cleaning one‟ teeth with a piece twig from the Slavadorapersica tree predated Islam, it is the Prophet Muhammad – peace be upon him – who commended its regular use and had Muslims start it. The twig, called a MISWAK or SIWAK in Arabic, was described by him as a purification of the teeth and a means of pleasing God. The Prophet himself – peace be upon him – used the miswak to clean teeth before every prayer, and said that he would order his followers to do the same, had he not at it might over-burden them.

8. What is the purpose of Paragraph 2)?

9. What does Paragraph 2) say about Muslims use of the miswak?

8-طيور البطريق

Partly, 512 penguins have washed up dead on the shores in southern Brazil. Marine biologists and veterinarians are working together to determine the cause of the mysterious deaths. But so far, details remain hazy. The penguins don‟t pearl physically injured or malnourished, and the researchers have no traces of oil on their bodies. The lack of clues, and with the sheer number of the penguins, have left puzzled.

10. What did the scientist find out about the dead penguins?

9-المقاهي

Coffee shops and cafés are a big industry in the Middle East, cabining to form a USA billion market in Egypt, Saudi Arabia and the UAE. Deeply-ingrained coffee-drinking actions have collided with investment from international creating a thriving segment of modern coffee shops are now battling with traditional cafés. Growth is high and competition is fierce, but unlike in most major markets, cafés coffee shop chains are both finding impressive growth.

11. What can we understand from the passage?

10-البرامج التلفزيونية

1) The cat TV program Meow TV features squirrels running up and down trees to fast-paced music. DOG TV, on the other hand, shows three kinds of programs: calming, stimulating, and good behavior reinforcement. All their programs use the colors and sounds that dogs can see and hear. The idea is to keep dogs calm and occupied when their owners have to leave them home alone.
2) Dogs and cats in America are not the only animals being exposed to television these days. On a Russian dairy farm near Moscow, the cows are watching TV. Farm workers installed six large plasma screens in the cow farm. Then they selected 20 cows for an experiment. They divided them into two equal groups. There is no special channel or program designed for cows, so the farmer showed non-stop videos of beautiful, green grassy meadows and landscapes to the first group. The other group got only the background music without the video. After a month, the cows that were watching television produced on average three liters more milk than those that were not. Veterinarians say the images relax the cows and put them in a good mood for milking.

12. What is the topic of paragraph (1)?

13. According to paragraph 2), why did the one group of cows give more milk?

11-بنك جرامين في بنجلاديش

Since Muhammad Yunus founded Grameen Bank, it has made about 5.7 billion dollars in microcredit loans to more than six million people in Bangladesh. The program has enabled millions of Bangladeshis, almost all women, to buy everything from cows to cell phones in order to start and run their own businesses. Yunus‟ strategy has been the opposite of traditional banks. He would say: “If the banks lent to the rich, lent to the poor. If banks lent to men, I lent to women. If banks required collateral, my loans were collateral free. If banks required a lot of paperwork, my loans were illiterate friendly. if you had to go to the bank, my bank went to the village.”

14. The word their in the passage refers to ———–

15. What can we understand from the passage?

12-الجَمَل

A champion camel can be worth hundreds of thousands of royals in price money to be owner, rider, and trainer. Also, it is important to the partly celebrated prestige anddistinguished honor of having a winner.

16. The word winner in this passage refers to ……

13-تاريخ اللغة الإنجليزية

The English language history of South Africa has many strands. There was initially a certain amount of regional dialect variation among the different groups of British settlers, with the speech of the London area predominant in the Cape, and Midlands and Northern speech strongly represented in Natal; but in due course a more homogenous accent emerged – an accent that shares many similarities with the accents of Australia, which was also being settled during this period. In addition, English came to be used, along with Afrikaans and often other languages, by those with an ethnically mixed background; and it was also adopted by the many immigrants from India, who arrived in the country from around 1986.

17. Which English dialect was similar to the one in the Cape?

18. What word best describes the history of the English language at South Africa?

14-فقر الدم

Vegetarian Indian immigrants to Great Britain began to suffer from pernicious anemia not long after their arrival. It was discovered that the cause of the disease was the overly-hygienic dried fruits and packaged foods they were consuming in Britain. Back in India, there were minute amounts of insect parts in the dried fruits, and this provided them with enough Vitamin B, to prevent anemia. Once food is sterilized, sanitized, freeze-dried, artificially colored and preserved (all untouched by human hands), it is probably no longer fit for consumption anyway.

19- What causes pernicious anemia?

15-استخلاص العود في إنتاج العطور

Processing Oud through distillation produces extracts used in perfumes. As part of the distillation process, Oud chips are heated in water. As the water evaporates and forces vapor into coiled piped the remaining liquid separated from the water is the Oud oil. From this liquid, perfumes are created that can then be applied directly to the body or hair.

20. The processing of Oud for perfumes requires ——- the chips.

16- نشأة الاتصال

In its modern form, communication grew out of the socialist movement of 19th century Europe. As the Industrial Revolution advanced, socialist articles planned capitalism for the misery of the proletariat a new class of urban factory workers who labored under often hard conditions. Foremost among these critics were Marx and his associate Friedrich Engels. In 1848, Marx and Engels offered a new definition of communication and proletariat the term in their famous pamphlet the Communist.

21. Which of the following is TRUE?

17- الجرافيم

1) Scientists often discover clever methods to advance their research. In 2003, one ingenious physicist took a block of graphite, some Scotch tape and a lot of patience and fashioned a remarkable new wonder material that is a million times thinner than paper, more conductive than copper, and stronger than diamond. It is called grapheme, and physicists were wildly excited when the first research article about grapheme describing the newly developed carbon material appeared the following year.
2) Grapheme is a “wonder material”, a super-conductive form of carbon, made from sheets a single atom thick. Physicists are so excited about it because it has the potential to completely transfigure the field of electronics and nanotechnology.
3) The man who first isolated grapheme is Andre Geim. He works in an English university, but studied at the Moscow Physical-Technical University and earned his PhD from the Institute of Solid-State Physics in Chernogolovka, Russia.

22 . what does paragraph (1) say about grapheme :

23. The word transfigure in Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to…….

24. According to Paragraph 3) , where is Andre Geim employed?

18- جزر هاواي

1) The formation of the Hawaiian Islands was very different from the formation of the continents. Geologists believe that the islands appeared separately and more recently. According to the geological evidence, they were formed by volcanoes only about 30 million years ago.
2) These volcanoes began when some cracks appeared on the bottom of the Pacific Ocean. Deep under the earth‟s surface, the rocks are very hot, so hot that they are in a liquid from called lava. This lava can sometimes come up through openings on the surface of the earth. The piles of lava slowly build up and become mountains. When the openings are on the ocean floor, the mountains are at first underwater. They may eventually become tall enough to rise above the water and form islands. This is how the Hawaiian Archipelago was created.
3) Younger Hawaiian Islands are still growing. The Big Island of Hawaii has two active volcanoes which are still adding new lava to the island. There are also new islands in the archipelago in the process of formation. Geologists have found an underwater volcano about 30 miles south of the island of Hawaii. Now about 3.000 feet below the surface of the ocean, it will probably rise above the water. Someday, this volcano could become another Hawaiian island.

25-What is the main topic of the passage?

26-According to Paragraph 1), how and when do geologists say that the islands emerged?

27. The word piles in Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to..

28. The word it in Paragraph 3) refers to …………….

29. According to Paragraph 3), volcanoes cause the Hawaiian Island to disappear

19-قناة السويس

1) In 1859, thanks to the efforts of a French diplomat and politician, Ferdinand de Lesseps, work started on the Suez Canal. Though he was not an engineer, he had been haunted by the idea of the canal since his youth. De Lesseps spent a decade supervising the massive operation that involved the excavation of about 97 million cubic yards of earth.
2) De Lesseps first established an artificial harbor at Port Said as a base and had a canal dug from the Nile to the Suez to provide fresh-water for the 20.000 laborers.
3) The official opening was on November 17, 1869. Representatives of almost every European royal family attended the inauguration celebration. Ships from France, Russia, Austria, Italy, Britain, and the United States sailed through the canal and de Lesseps‟ dream was finally a reality. The total cost of the project was an estimated $ 105 million, which at the time was a lot of money. This was more than twice the original estimate, but it was a tiny sum compared with the value of the canal to world trade.

30-According to Paragraph (1), De Lesseps was everything EXCEPT— …….

31-According to paragraph 2), what was Port Said?

32. What does paragraph 3), say about building the Suez Canal compared to modern standards?

33. According to Paragraph 3), to whom was building the canal the most important?

20-قطار الملاهي

1) If you‟re studying physics, there are few more exhilarating things to learn about than a roller coaster. Roller coasters are driven almost entirely by basic inertial and gravitational forces, all manipulated in the service of a great ride.
2) Roller coasters have a long, fascinating history. The direct ancestors of roller coasters were monumental ice slides that were popular in Russia in the 16th and 17th centuries.
3) Roller coaster historians diverge on the exact evolution of these ice slides into actual rolling carts. The most widespread account is that a few entrepreneurial Frenchman imported the ice slide idea to France. The warmer climate of France tended to melt the ice, so the French started building waxed slides instead, eventually adding wheels to the sleds.
4) The first American roller coaster was the Mauch Chunk Switchback Railway, built in the mountains of Pennsylvania in the mid-1800s. the track, originally built to send coal to a railway, was reconfigured as a “scenic tour.” For one dollar, tourists got a leisurely ride up to the top of the mountain followed by a wild, bumpy ride back down. Over the next 30 years, these scenic rides continued to thrive and were joined by wooden roller coasters similar to the ones we know today.

34. According to Paragraph (1), why are roller coasters of interest to physics students?

35. The word ancestors in paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to ——-

36. According to paragraph (3), why did the French change to rolling carts?

37. What of the following can we understand from paragraph (4)?

21-الخشب

With lignin and appropriate architecture, we truly have wood. It is wood that makes trees. In practice, it is mainly the cells of the conducting vessels that become lignified, and they and their surrounding supporting cells are the main ingredient in timber.

38- The word they in the passage refers to ————–

22-بيان من المعهد المركزي للتكنولوجيا

(1) All applicants for graduate study at Central Institute of Technology (CIT) are required to submit a personal statement of educational objectives.
(2) You may wish to address: (1) why you are applying to your chosen degree program, (2) what you hope to achieve through your education, (3) how your degree program will relate to your long-range career objectives, (4) what personal or non-academic qualities you will contribute to the learning environment in your program, (5) what (if any) prior experience you have with respect to your chosen program, and (6) specifically, why you want to attend CIT.

39-The word address in Paragraph (2) is closest in meaning to ……..

40- What is NOT included in the list in Paragraph (2)?