Model 31

1-التلوث

Air pollution is a major problem all over the world today. Scientific research nowshows us that indoor air pollution be a much greater danger than outdoor pollution. In one 2009 study, researchers found 586 chemicalsin the air of 52 typical homesin Arizona, USA. In today’s society, most people spend up to 90% of their time inside buildings. When there inadequate ventilation and no accessto fresh air, all the harmful elements are kept inside. This condition is known “sick building syndrome” and is made worse because we seal our buildings tightly to reduce energy costs.

1. How much of their time do most people spend these days?

2. Why does bad air stay inside buildings?

2-دمى ماتريوشكا

1) A matryoshka doll refers to a set of dolls of decreasing word size placed one inside the other, The word a diminutive form of the Russian female first name 3 “atryoshka”, “Matryona”.The first doll set in Russia was carved in1890 by VasilyZvyozdochkin from a design by Sergey Malyutin, who was a folk crafts painter. Traditionally the outer layer is a woman, dressed in a sarafan, a long traditional Russian dress.
2) It is believed Zvyozdochkin and Malyutin were inspired as no protruding features by a doll from Honshu, the main island of Japan. Sources differ in their descriptions, describing either a round, hollow doll or a nesting doll, portraying a bald old Buddhist monk.

3.The best title for this passage is……………..

4.  According to Paragraph (2), the idea of nesting dolls most likely started in………

3-الحيوانات

(1)One type of threat to the ecosystem is endangering an animal species through overhunting, thus killing them faster than they can reproduce. Some species now are endangered because of the large profits in the trade of luxury goods made from materials they provide. For example, elephants are a prime source for ivory. The trade in goods obtained by killing animals in danger of extinction is estimated at a minimum of five billion dollars annually.
(2) There is an incredible link that exists between all living and nonliving things. Thus, although at first it is surprising, the poisoning or deliberate extermination of animals classified as pests or predators may endanger animals further down the food chain. Likewise, bringing in animals not native to a local habitat may upset the ecosystem.

5. The pronoun they in Paragraph (1) refers to………

6. According to Paragraph (2), killing harmful animals can………….

4-النباتات

Plants that lack lignin (or have only small amounts of it) are called herbs. They can stay up right because each of their cells is filled with water under pressure. This water pressure or “turgor” makes them rigid like a well-inflated football. But such plants wilt when their water supply fails. Vascular plants with lignin, however, can survive dry periods and can grow far bigger than any herb. Many herbs have some lignin that toughens them here and there, yet they remain primarily herby True wood requires special architecture the lignin• toughened cells are very well organized and arranged.

7. Herbs are plants that are …………

5-صديقي ماثيو

My friend Matthew and I have been friends for many years. He’s a ready good language learner. He speaks nine languages and he can understand another ten without even living in another country. So I asked him for some ideas on learning foreign languages. Here are some of them:
1. Think about why you want to learn a language. Maybe there is a book that you want to read in another language.
2. Find a partner who you can practice the language with. For example, if you want to learn Chinese, try to find a Chinese speaker.
3. If you can’t find a partner, practice new words or phrases by speaking to yourself
4. Have fun: make a short film with a friend, write a story, or just talk to anybody about anything.
5. Act like a child. I mean, learn the way children do. For examp1e, don’t worry if other people are watching you, and don’t be afraid to make mistakes., Listening to the sounds of things help you learn how to pronounce them, this is a useful way.

8. The ideas in the passage come from a person who …..

9. The word them in the passage refers to ………………

10. Why is it important to learn like children?

11. The word pronounce in the passage is closest in meaning to…………

6-دكتور سميث

In his paper, Dr. Smith expressed the conservative attitude of some the Department’s members towards the new program.

12. Some members have conservative ideas about ………….

7-ورشة عمل

(1)Paul attended a weekend workshop on mindfulness training and it had been great. He felt he had really benefited from what he had learned. Mindfulness is basically a way to discipline and control one’s actions in such a way that they are always in line with one’s goals. The first thing he had learned was that for attentive mindfulness, a person’s goals in life must be clearly thought out and selected. Once that is done, the next step is to keep all details on how we spend our energy in a state of conscious awareness. The result is that we are always on target. The most insignificant detail then becomes an effortless expenditure of energy that keeps us in line with our goals.
(2)As the weekend came to an end. Paul thanked those who had made presentations and conducted the workshop. He also thanked the other participants who had shared the weekend with him.

13. According to Paragraph (1), Paul attended a workshop on………..

14. According to Paragraph (1), when was the workshop?

15.  According to Paragraph (2), to whom did Paul express his appreciation for the workshop?

16.   According to Paragraph (2), Paul will use what he learned at the workshop to control ………….. .

17. According to Paragraph (3), Paul felt excited when driving home because …………

18.  The word pleased in Paragraph (3) is closest in meaning to … …………

19.  According to Paragraph (4), what makes Paul think he needs more time to master what he learned at the workshop?

8-الاختراعات البشرية

(1) None of mankind’s modern inventions have had more impact than fire, the wheel, and writing. It is more accurate to think of these as ancient discoveries rather than inventions. These three discoveries made a long time ago continue to make the greatest impact on our world.
(2) Early man observed fire as a natural and very frightening disaster that could destroy his environment and all that was in it, including himself. Over time, he learned how to tame it and use it for cooking and keeping himself warm in cold weather. Fire is now used extensively, even in ways that are not so obvious. For example, fire is an operating principle in all kinds of engines that have transformed modern life. Yet there remains a dark side. Weapons of all kinds utilize fire to enhance their capacity to kill and destroy on a scale previously unthinkable.

20. The word mankind in Paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to……….

21.  According to Paragraph (1), the most important discoveries were made ………..

22. The word myriad in Paragraph (3) is closest in meaning to ………….

23. The word tamed in Paragraph (3) is closest in meaning to ……………..

24. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as being destructive in this reading passage?

9-الحليب

(1) If you’ve ever visited a farm, you may have tried drinking raw milk taken straight from the cow. That’s the way people used to drink milk traditionally, and fresh, raw milk was once considered a very wholesome and healing food. However, with the increase in the use of pasteurization and homogenization processes, milk has become less like the traditional raw milk that our ancestors used to drink. Furthermore, more and more people are unable to drink the highly processed milk without problems.
(2) In pasteurization, milk is heated to a high temperature to kill potentially harmful bacteria. Some scientists say that the protein structure of milk changes in this process and many beneficial enzymes are destroyed. In homogenization, the fat molecules in milk are broken down so that the cream does not separate in the milk. The smaller molecules of fat may therefore be more

25. The word That in Paragraph (1) refers to ………..

26. According to Paragraph (2), why is milk pasteurized?

27.  According to paragraph (2), why might homogenized milk be a health risk?

10-البيتزا

Some historians consider one man, an Italian pizzeria chef named Rafaelle Esposito, to be the creator of modern pizzeria In 1889, he made a special pizza for Queen Margherita with tomatoes, mozzarella cheese, and fresh basil (to represent the red, white, and green colors of the Italian flag) that the queen highly enjoyed. That is how the original and now world renowned pizza Margherita was born and paved the way for pizza to change from. being a peasant’s food to a popular dish for everyone throughout Italy and the rest of the world.

28. Why do some historians consider Rafaelle Esposito as the founder of modern pizza?

29. Which of the following is NOT true about pizza Margherita?

11-الاستعمار

In the recent past, a handful of colonial rulers allowed wealth to be accumulated in the bands of a few. The great powers, in turn, enriched themselves lavishly at the expense of the colonized peoples who were subjected to poverty, hardship and deprivation. Because of these policies, poverty remained the lot of the majority. But now that globalization bas become the frame of reference, there is 110 justification for an ever-smaller minority to become richer while the majority poor become even poorer. A situation in which one segment of the global population lives in opulence while most of the rest live in dire poverty is morally reprehensible. We can – – and in fact we must — work to reduce the number of those who live in extreme poverty so that this will be a better world for all.

30. The words great powers in the passage refer to …………………

31. The frame of reference that can help solve poverty is …………

32. What is considered to be a moral evil?

12-الماء

When the well’s dry, we know the worth of water.

33. The passage is closest in meaning to……

13-مقارنة

Airplanes are not as dangerous as motorcycles.

34. What does the passage imply?

14-صورة في الفصل

Look at the photos. In pairs, ask and answer the questions

35. You can read this in a……..

15-خالد والجامعة

Khalid says that sometimes he is ordered by the University to undertake certain duties out is given insufficient funds to accomplish the task

36. Khalid says he is unsuccessful because he lacks ……

16-المعرفة

Know something with certainty when we can define its something well.

37. The word define in the passage is closest in meaning to……

17-مجلة

Today’s World Pages
Cover Story 3-13
National news 14-24
Economy and
business 25-31
World news 32-40
Entertainment 40-45
Sports 46-55
Editorial 56

38. On which of the pages of Today’s World would one probably find a list of the current trading prices ofstock?

39. Which of the following pages would most likely contain a story about the production of a new movie?

40. In which section would one find a statement of opinion by the publishers?