Model 36

1-حريق هائل

(1) Over the roar of the fire, Mike heard Ben shout, “Hurry! The fire is almost on us!” Mike’s arms were sore and tired, but he swung his axe even faster. He didn’t even stop to wipe the tears from his stinging eyes. The greedy fire kept coming. The more the fire destroyed, the more it wanted. Mike worked shoulder to shoulder with the other smokejumpers to build a firebreak. His only thought was to stop the flaming monster that was raging through the forest.
(2) At last, the smokejumpers finished the firebreak. If the fire were powerful enough, it would jump over the firebreak that they had worked so hard to make. Then they would have to start all over again. Mike stood motionless, his face black with ash, his shirt wet with sweat. He was too exhausted to move because he had given all of himself to fighting the fire. He turned his head and noticed Ben watching him.
(3) Suddenly all that Ben had taught Mike about proving his bravery was clear. A man was not brave if he did something just to prove his courage. He was brave only when he forgot about himself. Today Mike had showed that he cared very much about the others with whom he was working.

1. According to Paragraph (2), Mike was too exhausted to move because ………

2. According to Paragraph (3), Ben taught Mike that being brave involves……….

3. The pronoun his in Paragraph (3) refers to ………

2-الباندا العملاق

1) An American-born giant panda will soon be travelling to China. The Chinese government has an agreement with foreign zoos to lend giant pandas out only for scientific study. After a few years, they, and any cubs they may produce, must all be returned to China. Mei Lan, a three year-old female, is being prepared for her trip to China, where her parents were born. A special FedEx flight from the U.S. is being arranged for her.
2) Chinese Zookeepers are getting ready for her arrival by planning a special diet, and even language lessons for her. They are advertising for a tutor to teach Mei Lan Chinese. The caretakers at her new home, the Chengdu Panda Research Center in Sichuan, want to help her adapt quickly and feel comfortable in her new environment. Mei Lan has lived at a zoo in the city of Atlanta, Georgia, since her birth, and she is unfamiliar with Chinese. The teacher must have a bachelor’s degree or higher and be fluent in both English and Chinese.

4. According to Paragraph (2), why do the Chinese zookeepers want Mei Lan to learn Chinese?

5. According to Paragraph 2, Where has Mei Lan been living?

3-كورونا

1- The COVID-19 Pandemic has blindsided many businesses and with very good reason. Amidst the Chaos and uncertainty, only the nimble and flexible have the greatest hope for survival. There are Different approaches that businesses respond or thrive in the current COVID-19 climate and social media marketing plays a key role in the successful implementation of these approaches.
2- With most of the population staying at home it is important, wherever possible, for businesses to Adapt to their customers’ changing requirements and desires; to adjust their offerings to help their customers engage with their brand and products from home due to the current circumstances. This Means making purchasing online or over the phone, a simple and convenient process and home Delivery readily available and affordable. Online shopping has become significantly important since the spread of Covid 19 in 2020. Only those businesses which could adapt their advertisements to the Change of their customers’ needs could thrive while others faded away and vanished.
3- Creating a paid advertising campaign on social media platforms such as Facebook and Instagram can be highly targeted to reach people within a specific geographical area, from specific age groups and with interests relating directly to your brand. Also, remember to have the Facebook pixel installed in your website so that ads can be retargeted to people who have visited your website. This is the most cost-effective way to advertise on Facebook and Instagram.
4- Now is the time to increase your social media activities to help and entertain customers while they are stuck at home. Creating helpful content to show customers how they can get by at home until they can use your products again, is one of the best ways to strengthen customer relations.
5- Depending on your business, helpful content could be recipes coming from a café or restaurant, home workouts from a gym, home treatments from a beauty therapist. Of course, it needs to be relevant and appropriate for your business.
6- Customers will be grateful that you provided a fun and useful experience for them while they have been stuck at home. In fact, the Edelman Trust Barometer Special Report also found that since the beginning of the COVID-19 Pandemic more than one-third of consumers (82% in China, 60% in India) said that they have started using a new brand because of the innovative or compassionate way that it has responded.” It also showed that in Britain, about 30% of online sales increased in February, 2020 demonstrating the efficient value of social media marketing.

6)What is important for business to do when marketing?

7)What does desires mean in paragraph 2?

8)What does the paragraph 2 say about Covid 19 and online shopping?

9)What % did online sales in the UK increase to in February of 2020?

10)What does the paragraph 6 say about social media marketing?

4-الجريمة

1- In ordinary language, a crime is an unlawful act punishable by a state or other authority. The term Crime does not, in modern criminal law, have any simple and universally accepted definition, though Statutory definitions have been provided for certain purposes. The most popular view is that crime is A category created by law; in other words, something is a crime if declared as such by the relevant and applicable law. One proposed definition is that a crime or offence (or criminal offence) is an illegal Act that is harmful not only to some individual but also to a community, society, or the state (“a public Wrong”). Such acts are forbidden and punishable by law. Therefore, an act is a crime only when it is in Violation of criminal law.
2- The notion that acts such as murder, rape, and theft are to be prohibited exists worldwide. What Precisely is a criminal offence is defined by the criminal law of each relevant jurisdiction. While many Have a catalogue of crimes called the criminal code, in some common law nations no such Comprehensive statute exists. So, it would be a great move if the countries all over the world would Agree on a clearer and more comprehensive definition of the word, crime.

11) What is a fact according to the writer?

12)What are alternate words used for illegal acts?

13) What does the writer think about the definition of crime?

5-داء السكري

When you eat or drink too much sugar, the extra insulin in your bloodstream can affect your arteries All over your body. It causes their walls to get inflamed, grow thicker than normal and stiffer, this Stresses your heart and damages it over time. This can lead to heart disease, like heart failure, heart Attacks, and strokes.

14) What health problem does sugar cause?

6-فيتامين دال

1- Vitamin D or the sunshine vitamin is an important nutrient for the body. Vitamin D deficiency can lead to weak bones and increase risk of osteoporosis, bone pain and arthritis. And if a new study is to be believed, then the vitamin can lead to aggressive behavior in adolescents. Conducted by researchers at the University of Michigan, the study found a link between Vitamin D deficiency in young kids to aggression in their adolescent age. The sunshine vitamin is synthesized in the body in the presence of sunlight.
2- The body needs it to absorb calcium and make bones stronger. That’s why the people living in Antarctica suffer from vitamin D deficiency because there isn’t enough sunlight. In a study that was carried in Antarctica, 90% of the 130 expeditioners had a lower bone density at the hip by 2%.

15) What does vitamin D deficiency lead to?

16)Why do countries in the Antarctica have a vitamin D deficiency?

7-تربية الماشية

1- The livestock sector is one of the fastest growing segments of the agricultural economy, particularly in the developing world. The global demand for meat, including beef, pork, chicken, and lamb, has tripled in the past 50 years – due primarily to a growing global population. This increased demand for meat is paralleled by rising temperatures and sea levels, i.e. global warming.
2- While on the surface these might seem like two separate phenomena, a closer look reveals the undeniable link between meat production and climate change. The relationship between the livestock industry – the rearing of animals to produce dairy and meat products – and climate change is becoming more apparent with population growth and globalization influencing a global shift towards the so-called Western Diet, which is basically pounds and pounds of meat (usually red meat) paired with high amounts of saturated fat and sugar.
3- A new study adds to the evidence that eating red meat on a regular basis may shorten your lifespan. Past research has tied red meat to increased risks of diabetes, cardiovascular disease and certain cancers. The studies have also pointed to an elevated risk of mortality from red meat intake.
4- Factory farms are the largest user of land resources globally with 80% of total agricultural land used to grow the crops that feed animals. On a global scale, a meat- based diet requires almost three times more land than a plant-based diet. As populations continue to grow and meat demand increases, more and more deforestation is likely to occur, too, to make room for pasture lands for beef cattle. Forests are crucial to maintaining biodiversity in wildlife and also are important carbon sink lands, absorbing carbon dioxide from the environment.
5- Cutting down trees releases all the absorbed CO2 – putting it back into the atmosphere – and irrevocably damages wildlife habitats – contributing to an increase in endangered species by rupturing whole ecosystems paired with biodiversity loss. Meat Production uses a lot of water; approximately 10% of water flow worldwide is used for rearing livestock. This is a considerable amount when we consider the threat of water scarcity as populations increase and climate- change induced droughts become more frequent.
6- While the consequences of climate change are immense and often difficult to digest, being more informed about the impact of your individual choices can make all the difference. Knowing the meat and dairy industry’s negative environmental impact might give you the motivation you need to reduce your animal product consumption and welcome more greens and grains into your diet. However, the grain prices keep rising due to the livestock farming which make it even harder for the poor to afford them. This cycle gets vicious with the passing of time: the increased prices of grains increase the prices of the livestock feeding and thus products, as well. To break this cycle, it is advisable for people to cut down on eating red meat to help reduce not only grains prices, global warming but also water consumption.

17)What does paragraph 1 say about livestock farming regarding the environment?

18)What do paragraphs 2 and 3 say about eating too much red meat?

19)What does paragraph 5 say about livestock Farming?

20)What does paragraph 6 say about livestock farming affecting the poor?

8-العولمة

(1) Many people think globalization is a new phenomenon. In fact, this process has been happening for thousands of years. For example, some very old Chinese artifacts have been found in North and South America, and antique Arabian money has been found as far north as Norway.
(2) What is even more remarkable is how quickly plants from the New World became staples in the Old World. Hungarian cooking. For example, is famous for use of red peppers, and the Irish and famous for eating potatoes. Indian food is an even better example. People in many countries now often eat Indian food. They seem to enjoy the idea that is the “traditional” but what is really in it? In many “traditional” Indian dishes, you will probably find potatoes, tomatoes, squash, corn, and sweet peppers. Your food may be cooked in peanut oil and have peanuts and cashew nuts sprinkled on top. For dessert you may have guavas or papaya.
(3) We think of all this food as “traditional” Indian food. Yet sailors brought all these plants to India from America on ships after 1500. We can also assume that they took a long time to spread and become popular in their new homes. So really, they are not that traditional – they are relatively new. And the same is true for traditional food in many places. The chili pepper for instance is a main part of the diet from South Africa to Hungary, from Mexico to Spain, to Yemen to India to China, but it originated in the Americas. So Globalization is really nothing new. We can learn a lot about globalization today by studying patterns of globalization in the past. It is a process that has been happening since man began to trade.

21) According to paragraph (1). Globalization is often assumed to be a recent development. In fact, globalization ……………..

22) In paragraph (1). Discovered artifacts and antiques came originally from ……….

23) The word antiques in paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to “

24)According to paragraph (3), where did most of the plants mentioned in the passage originate?

25) How does the author use a discussion of plants?

26) If the passage continued it would probably show why globalization…….

9-قناة السويس

(1) The Official Opening of The Suez Canal was on November 17, 1869. Representatives of almost every European royal family attended the inauguration celebration. Ships from France, Russia, Austria, Italy, Britain and the United States sailed through the canal. The total cost of the project was an estimated $105 million, which at the time was a lot of money. This was more than twice the original estimate. But it was a tiny sum compared with the cost of a similar project today.

27) by modern standards building the canal was ………..

28) The canal was most important to the …………..

10-القواميس

(1) Luis wrote a paper for his course in field methods. He asked students how they used dictionaries and compared their success in learning English.
(2) The conclusions of his research are as follows: students who said they never or hardly ever used dictionaries often spoke English well but usually wrote poorly because they made many spelling mistakes. The ones who looked up very unfamiliar word read very slowly.
(3) Therefore, they did not have time to read much. Those who used small two- language dictionaries had the worst problems. Their dictionaries often gave only one or two words as a translation of English. Because one English word often has meanings in English. These dictionaries did not give enough information.

29) What is the best title for this passage?

30) The word they in Paragraph (3) refers to …………

31) Students who learned English best …………….

11-الضغط

(1) We generally use the word “stress” when we feel that everything seems to have become too much. We are overloaded and wonder whether we really can cope with the demands placed upon us. Anything that poses a challenge or a threat to our well-being is a stress at all, many say our lives would be boring and would probably feel pointless. However, when the stresses affect both our mental and physical health they are bad.
(2) The way we respond to a challenge may also be a type of stress. Part of our response to a challenge is physiological and affects our physical state. When faced with a challenge or a threat, our body activates resources to protect us; to either get away as fast as we can. Or fight. This is known as our ‘fight-or- flight’ response.
(3) If you are upstairs at home and an earthquake starts, the faster you can get yourself, and anyone else who might be at home, out the more likely you are all to survive. If you need to save somebody’s life during that earthquake by lifting a heavy weight that has fallen on them. You will need parts of your body to be activated to give you more strength.
(4) To do this, our body produces larger quantities of the chemicals cortisol, adrenaline and noradrenaline, which trigger it to have a higher heart rate. Heightened muscle preparedness, sweating, and alertness. All these factors help us protect ourselves in a dangerous or challenging situation.
(5) Non-essential body functions slow down, such as our digestive and immune systems when we are in a ‘fight-or-flight’ situation. All resources can then be concentrated or rapid breathing, blood flow, alertness and muscle use.
(6) Most of us have varying interpretations of what stress is about and what matters, sort of us focus on what happens to us, such as breaking a bone or getting a promotion. While others think more about the event itself. In my opinion. What really matters are our thoughts about the situations in which we find ourselves.

32) The word overloaded in paragraph (1), is closest in meaning to……..

33) What does the expression ‘fight or flight response’ used in paragraph (2) mean?

34)According to Paragraph (3), what is the best advice in the event of an earthquake?

35) The word it in paragraph (4) refers to “

36) According to paragraph (5), what is TRUE about a ‘fight or flight’ situation?

37) Why does the author use the pronoun “we” throughout the passage?

12-النحل

(1) The Holy Quran tells us that insects form communities Surat al-An’am, 38) and that they can communicate more than 1,400 years afterwards, has accepted that this information is indeed correct. Now, scientists in the United Kingdom are learning that some of these amazing creatures may also have feelings and emotions similar to those of humans.
(2) At Newcastle University, they are trying to discover how some insects feel. In recent years, honeybee numbers have been declining worldwide at a disturbing rate. Many explanations have been given for this. Some say the bees are dying because of disease and pesticides. Others say it may be due to pollution or microwave towers. At any rate, this is a very serious situation, for humans as well as for the bees. At least one-third of the world’s crops depend on bees. Farmers are worried. What about the bees? How do they feel? Are they scared, sad or depressed?
(3) The researchers trained a group of bees to tell the difference between two smells. After one smell, they were always given a sweet sugar reward. After the other smell, they were given a bitter substance. They quickly learned to choose the smell with the sweet prize and to stick out their tongues to get it. The scientists wanted to see what the bees would do if they were put in a stressful situation. They shook up half of the bees, to make them think they were in danger. These stressed bees refused to put out their tongues for new smells, and only chose the old smell which they knew would be followed by a sweet treat. Even though there was an equal chance that a strange smell would taste good, it seemed they believed it would taste bad and were afraid to try it. These bees had become “pessimists”. The other half-the unstressed bees were much more likely to try tastes from new smells, thus remaining “optimists”.
(4) When humans are stressed, anxious, worried or depressed, they have lower levels of the brain hormone serotonin. So did the stressed bees. This may mean that the feelings of anxious and stressed bees are similar to those of humans with mood disorders. This knowledge, along with further investigations into bee behavior and “feelings” can hopefully be used to understand and remedy their declining numbers, for their sake and for ours.

38. The words these amazing creatures in Paragraph 1) refer to ……

39. Why are bees important to humans?

40. Which paragraph describes how the scientists trained the bees?