Model 39

1-الحجامة

1) Hijama, also known as “cupping”, was one of the treatments recommended by Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him). It is still practiced in some parts of the world and has many medical benefits. When Hijama is performed, small cuts are made at specific body sites, and impure blood is taken out. This blood is collected in small glass “cups”. Afterwards, the body feels refreshed and energized, having been cleansed of impurities and toxins or poisons.
2) Hijama can sometimes offer relief where other forms of treatment or medications have failed. It is highly recommended in cases of lethargy and dullness, and for people with headaches.indigestion or sleeping problems. These complaints can be signs that the body is suffering fromsome form of toxicity.
3) A qualified Hijama practitioner must use clean instruments and utensils and perform the therapy carefully and with great sensitivity. Treatment is often performed on the 17th, the 19th, or the 21st of the lunar month. When done in coordination with a healthy diet and exercise, Hijama can give long-lasting, satisfactory results. Ideally, it should be done at least once a year.

1. According to Paragraph 1), what is one benefit of Hijama?

2. According to Paragraph 2), Hijama is used to treat all of the following EXCEPT _

3. According to Paragraph 2), what is the cause of some headaches?

4. According to Paragraph 3), how often should Hijama be performed on a person?

5. What can we understand about Hijama?

2-محمد علي

1.The biography of Muhammad Ali tells important facts about Ali’s life and what he went through. He was born in January 17, 1942. Nicknamed The Greatest, he is widely regarded as one of the most significant and celebrated figures of the 20th century, and is frequently ranked as the best heavyweight boxer of all time.

2. Muhammad Ali lived a great life both inspiring and exciting, but he had struggles too just like everyone else in the world. This story didn’t have many characters, but there were some and they all were a part of Muhammad Ali’s life His real name was Cassius Marcellus Clay, he travelled to the 1960 Rome Games to compete in the light heavyweight division. Despite being only 18, he won all four of his fights easily. In the final he defeated three-time European champion Zbigniew Pietrzykowski to win the gold medal as an amateur boxer.

3. And then claimed his first title by defeating Sonny Liston in 1964 at age 22, and then joined the nation of Islam and converted his name to Muhammad Ali. In this time legal name change was not required, a person who wanted to use another name could simply assume the new one. He was the all time heavyweight boxing fighter, champion, of the 1960’s and1970’s.

4.On September 15, 1978, boxer Muhammad Ali defeated Leon Spinks at the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans to win the world heavyweight boxing title for the third time in his career. He won his popularity after that victory because he was the first fighter ever to do so.

5.he refused to join the military during the Vietnam War, so he was sentenced five years in prison, but the Supreme Court reversed it in 1971. Ali suffered Parkinson’s disease during his retirement, and it was sad, but then he got inducted into the boxing hall of fame in 1990 which must have cheered him up. And he did on June 3, 2016.

6: Where did Clay get his first gold medal?

7: How many competitions did he take part in until he got the medal?

8: He was……………..when he got his first gold medal.

9: He won his first champion when he was…..

10: When did Clay change his name?

11: He converted to Islam when he was ………

12: What is the meaning of the word 6 “Convert”?

13: What is the meaning of the word “assumed” in Paragraph 3?

14: He won his third gold medal in……

15: He became famous after beating

16: Who support his rejection of Vietnam War?

17: He won his third gold medal when he was….

18: He died on…….

3-الأوزون

( 1 ) Ozone is an undesirable secondary .air pollutant in lower regions of the atmosphere . In contrast , ozone in the upper region of the atmosphere , called the stratosphere , has an Important natural function . The ozone in the stratosphere screens Earth from harmful ultraviolet light . Ozone forms in the stratosphere through reactions of molecular oxygen that absorb radiation .
( 2 ) Ozone molecules formed in the stratosphere absorb more than 90 % of Ultraviolet radiation , including the higher energy ultraviolet light sometimes called UV C and UV – B radiation . In this way , ozone serves to shield the lower atmosphere and Earth’s surface from a significant fraction of high – energy UV light that is part of solar radiation. Ozone concentrations stay at relatively fixed levels because ultraviolet light also decomposes ozone molecules to reform oxygen molecules
( 3 ) The formation and decomposition of ozone produce a steady – state concentration of ozone within the stratosphere . This layer or region of ozone is sometimes called the ozonosphere , and a maximum concentration of about 10 ppm ( parts per million ) occurs in the stratosphere from 25 to 30 km in altitude .
( 4 ) Recent observations of the ozone layer using rocket , high – flying aircraft and satellites revealed that the ozone concentration is dramatically decreasing ,especially in the polar regions, This decrease in concentration is called thinning of the ozone layer , and larger decreases are called ” holes ” in the layer . The ” holes ” in the polar regions of Earth seem to vary with the seasons . The hole over Antarctica is most widespread from September to November , a time that corresponds to springtime in the southern hemisphere , In Fall of 1998 the ozone hole over Antarctica was the largest ever observed up to that time , ” Holes ” have also been observed over the north pole and some industrialized regions of the northern hemisphere
( 5 ) A decrease in the ozone concentration allows more ultraviolet radiation to reach the surface of Earth . This increase in radiation causes damage to humans other animals , plants , bacteria , and microscopic marine organisms ( phytoplankton and zooplankton ) . For each 1 % decrease in the ozone layer , there is a 2 % increase in the UV radiation reaching Earth . It is estimated that a 2 % increase in radiation may result in a 4 % to 10 % increase in basal – cell skin cancer and an 8 % to 20 % increase in more serious squamous – cell skin cancer but the significance of these effects is not known
( 6 ) The thinning of the ozone layer appears to be a result of human activity The chemical culprits are synthetic compounds containing chlorine , fluorine , and carbon known as chlorofluorocarbons or CFCs ( also known as Freons ) . CFCs were developed in the 1930s Over the years , they found use as coolant gases in refrigerators and air conditioners , as propellant gases in aerosol cans , as industrial solvents , and as foaming agents in plastic products like Styrofoam and cushion materials . In the United States , they are no longer used in aerosol cans and other uses are being phased out . Halons , which are chemically similar to CFCs . find use in fire extinguishers and medical anesthetics . Halons also affect the ozone layer
( 7 ) Most gaseous pollutants that enter the atmosphere have a natural sink . The term sink Refers to a long –term repository in the environment . A sink is some place or chemical form in which a chemical ends up . Normally , a pollutant is changed by some chemical reaction and is washed from the atmosphere by the rain . Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides , for example , are transformed to sulfuric acid and nitric acid , which are carried to Earth as acid rain .
( 8 ) One reason CFCs are used in products or as solvents is that they are very chemically inert . They are chemically stable , are nontoxic , do not support combustion ,and are noncorrosive . Because CFCs are chemically inert and have no environmental sink , they are destructive to the ozone.

19. What chemical is used in fire extinguishers ?

20. What is another name for ” Chlorofluorocarbons ” ?

21. Around what percentage of Ultraviolet Radiation do ozone molecules absorb in the stratosphere ?

4-الباندا العملاق

1) An American-born giant panda will soon be travelling to China. The Chinese government has an agreement with foreign zoos to lend giant pandas out only for scientific study. After a few years, they, and any cubs they may produce, must all be returned to China. Mei Lan, a three year-old female, is being prepared for her trip to China, where her parents were born. A special FedEx flight from the U.S. is being arranged for her.
2) Chinese Zookeepers are getting ready for her arrival by planning a special diet, and even language lessons for her. They are advertising for a tutor to teach Mei Lan Chinese. The caretakers at her new home, the Chengdu Panda Research Center in Sichuan, want to help her adapt quickly and feel comfortable in her new environment. Mei Lan has lived at a zoo in the city of Atlanta, Georgia, since her birth, and she is unfamiliar with Chinese. The teacher must have a bachelor’s degree or higher and be fluent in both English and Chinese.

22. According to Paragraph (2), why do the Chinese zookeepers want Mei Lan to learn Chinese?

23. According to Paragraph 2, Where has Mei Lan been living?

24. The word “tutor” in paragraph (2) is closest to:

5-النحل

(1) The Holy Quran tells us that insects form communities Surat al-An’am, 38) and that they can communicate more than 1,400 years afterwards, has accepted that this information is indeed correct. Now, scientists in the United Kingdom are learning that some of these amazing creatures may also have feelings and emotions similar to those of humans.
(2) At Newcastle University, they are trying to discover how some insects feel. In recent years, honeybee numbers have been declining worldwide at a disturbing rate. Many explanations have been given for this. Some say the bees are dying because of disease and pesticides. Others say it may be due to pollution or microwave towers. At any rate, this is a very serious situation, for humans as well as for the bees. At least one-third of the world’s crops depend on bees. Farmers are worried. What about the bees? How do they feel? Are they scared, sad or depressed?
(3) The researchers trained a group of bees to tell the difference between two smells. After one smell, they were always given a sweet sugar reward. After the other smell, they were given a bitter substance. They quickly learned to choose the smell with the sweet prize and to stick out their tongues to get it. The scientists wanted to see what the bees would do if they were put in a stressful situation. They shook up half of the bees, to make them think they were in danger. These stressed bees refused to put out their tongues for new smells, and only chose the old smell which they knew would be followed by a sweet treat. Even though there was an equal chance that a strange smell would taste good, it seemed they believed it would taste bad and were afraid to try it. These bees had become “pessimists”. The other half-the unstressed bees were much more likely to try tastes from new smells, thus remaining “optimists”.
(4) When humans are stressed, anxious, worried or depressed, they have lower levels of the brain hormone serotonin. So did the stressed bees. This may mean that the feelings of anxious and stressed bees are similar to those of humans with mood disorders. This knowledge, along with further investigations into bee behavior and “feelings” can hopefully be used to understand and remedy their declining numbers, for their sake and for ours.

25. The words these amazing creatures in Paragraph 1) refer to ……

26. Why are bees important to humans?

27. Which paragraph describes how the scientists trained the bees?